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Tense

Present Indefinite

Subject + v-1(s or es) + Object

I write.	We write a letter.
You write.
He plays. She writes. It rains.	They write a novel.

Negative Sentences
Subject + do/does not + v-1 + Object

I do not write.	We do not play football.
You do not write.
He does not write. She does not write. It does not rain.	They do not eat.

Interrogative Sentences
Do/Does + subject + v-1 + Object ?

Do I write ?	Do we play football ?
Do you read ?
Does he write a book? Does she write a letter ? Does it rain ?	Do they write ?

Interrogative-Negative Sentences
Do/Does + subject + not + v-1 + Object ?
Don’t/Doesn’t + subject + v-1 + Object ?

Do I not write ?	Do we not read a book ?
Don’t you play chess ?
Does he not write a book ? Doesn’t she write a novel ? Doesn’t it rain ?	Do they not write ?

Present Continuous

Subject + is/am/are + v-1(ing) + Object

I am writing.	We are reading a book.
You are playing cricket.
He is writing a letter. She is playing chess. It is raining.	They are writing a novel.

Negative Sentences
Subject + is/am/are + not + v-1(ing) + Object

I am not writing.	We are not reading a book.
You are not playing cricket.
He is not writing a letter. She is not playing chess. It is not raining.	They are not writing a novel.

Interrogative Sentences
Is/Am/Are + subject + v-1(ing) + Object ?

Am I writing a letter ?	Are we playing cricket ?
Are you reading a book ?
Is he writing a novel ? Is she cooking food ? Is it raining ?	Are they going to market ?

Interrogative-Negative Sentences
Is/Am/Are + subject + not + v-1(ing) + Object ?
Isn’t/Amn’t/Aren’t + subject + v-1(ing) + Object ?

Am I not writing a letter ?	Are we not playing cricket ?
Are you not reading a book ?
Isn’t he writing a novel ? Isn’t she cooking food ? Is it not raining ?	Aren’t they going to market ?

Present Perfect

Subject + has/have + v-3 + Object

I have taken breakfast.	We have written a book.
You have played football.
He has written a novel. She has written a letter. It has gone.	They have gone to market.

Negative Sentences
Subject + has/have + not + v-3 + Object
Subject + hasn’t/haven’t + v-3 + Object

I have not taken breakfast.	We have not written a book.
You have not played football.
He has not written a novel. She has not written a letter. It has not gone.	They have not gone to market.

Interrogative Sentences
Have/Has + subject + v-3 + Object ?

Have I written a book ?	Have we written a novel ?
Have you gone to Delhi ?
Has he gone to Patna ? Has she gone to Mumbai ? Has it played ?	Have they eaten ?

Interrogative-Negative Sentences
Have/Has + subject + not + v-3 + Object ?
Have’t/Had’t + subject + v-3 + Object ?

Have I not written a book ?	Have we not already visited Delhi ?
Have you not written ?
Hasn’t he written ? Hasn’t she written ? Hasn’t it written ?	Haven’t they written a novel ?

Past Perfect Continuous

Subject + have/has been + v-1(ing) + Object + + since/for + time

I have been writing a letter for three years.	We have been watching television for two hours.
You have been writing a novel since 2018.
He has been playing football since morning. She has been cooking food for three days. It has been raining since morning.	They have been writting a novel since 2015.

Use of For or Since

We often use for and since when talking about time. For is used with a period of time. For example,

five minutes, two weeks, six years etc.

Since is used to refer to a specific point in time. For example,

9 o’clock, 5st January, Monday, 1st July etc.

Negative Sentences
Subject + have/has not + been + v-1(ing) + Object + since/for + time
Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + been + v-1(ing) + Object + since/for + time

I have not been writing a letter for four years.	We have not been writing a book since 2015.
You have not been writing a novel since 2018.
He hasn’t been playing football since morning. She hasn’t been cooking food for three days. It has not been raining since morning.	They have not been writting a novel since 2015.

Interrogative Sentences
Have/Has + subject + been + v-1(ing) + Object + since/for + time ?

Have I been writing a book for four years ?	Have we been writing a book since 2015 ?
Have you been writing a novel since 2018 ?
Has he been playing football since morning ? Has she been cooking food for three days ? Has it been raining since morning ?	Have they been writting a novel since 2015 ?

Interrogative-Negative Sentences
Have/Has + subject + not been + been + v-1(ing) + Object + since/for + time ?
Haven’t/Hasn’t + subject + been + v-1(ing) + Object + since/for + time ?

Have I not been writing a book for four years ?	Have we not been writing a book since 2015 ?
Haven’t you been writing a novel since 2018 ?
Hasn’t he been playing football since morning ? Hasn’t she been cooking food for three days ? Has it not been raining since morning ?	Have they not been writting a novel since 2015 ?

Tense

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